本文分享一个基于 PyQt5 开发的高级表格编辑器，涵盖了桌面表格应用中常见的操作与功能设计，具有完整、严谨的工程结构，适合中高级开发者参考与扩展。
核心功能概览
- 单元格编辑功能
支持标准的复制（Ctrl+C）、粘贴（Ctrl+V）功能，自动检测矩形区域，确保数据完整性。
- 结构调整功能
支持在当前选中位置插入行/列，或删除选中行/列，方便灵活调整表格结构。
- 数据清理功能
可一键清除选中单元格内容，保持表格干净简洁。
- 查找与替换功能
提供查找与替换对话框（非模态），支持：
- 高亮所有匹配项
- 滚动定位到匹配单元格
- 单条替换与全部替换
- 可选区分大小写匹配模式
- 撤销替换功能
内置撤销栈机制，支持撤销最近的替换操作（Ctrl+Z），提升用户操作的可恢复性。
- 右键菜单操作
通过自定义右键菜单快速访问所有功能，提高操作效率与用户体验。
- 状态栏交互反馈
所有重要操作均通过状态栏实时提示，增强用户对系统状态的感知。
- 异常安全与日志系统
对关键操作进行异常捕获和日志记录，保障应用在运行过程中的稳定性与可维护性。
技术细节
- 主界面基于
QMainWindow构建，搭配QTableWidget完成数据表格展现与编辑。 - 查找与替换功能使用了自定义的
QDialog，并实现了数据高亮、定位和替换逻辑。 - 核心操作如撤销、状态提示、粘贴时自动扩展行列等，均充分考虑了用户体验与易用性。
- 通过
logging模块标准化错误处理与调试输出，便于后期维护和二次开发。
应用场景
本项目适用于以下场景：
- 快速构建内部数据管理工具
- 桌面端轻量级表格编辑器开发
- PyQt5 高级应用功能学习与实践
- 二次开发 Excel 简化版表格编辑器
代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Advanced Table Editor - Robust Version
Features:
- Copy/Paste, Insert/Delete Rows & Columns, Clear Cells
- Find & Replace (Highlight All, Scroll to Found, Case Sensitivity)
- Undo Replace (Ctrl+Z)
- Context Menu & Keyboard Shortcuts
- Status Bar Messages, Robust Error Handling
"""
import sys
import logging
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
QApplication, QMainWindow, QWidget, QTableWidget, QTableWidgetItem,
QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QMenu, QAction, QDialog, QLabel,
QLineEdit, QPushButton, QCheckBox, QMessageBox, QStatusBar
)
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QPoint, QTimer
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Logging Configuration
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(name)s: %(message)s'
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Search & Replace Dialog (Modeless)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class SearchReplaceDialog(QDialog):
"""
A non-modal dialog for find & replace operations.
"""
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
try:
self.setWindowTitle("查找与替换")
self.setModal(False)
self.setFixedSize(400, 200)
self.layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
# Find Input
self.layout.addWidget(QLabel("查找内容："))
self.search_input = QLineEdit(self)
self.layout.addWidget(self.search_input)
# Replace Input
self.layout.addWidget(QLabel("替换为："))
self.replace_input = QLineEdit(self)
self.layout.addWidget(self.replace_input)
# Case Sensitivity Checkbox
self.case_checkbox = QCheckBox("区分大小写", self)
self.layout.addWidget(self.case_checkbox)
# Buttons
btn_layout = QHBoxLayout()
self.find_btn = QPushButton("查找全部", self)
self.replace_btn = QPushButton("替换当前", self)
self.replace_all_btn = QPushButton("全部替换", self)
btn_layout.addWidget(self.find_btn)
btn_layout.addWidget(self.replace_btn)
btn_layout.addWidget(self.replace_all_btn)
self.layout.addLayout(btn_layout)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Failed to initialize SearchReplaceDialog")
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main Table Widget
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class TableWidget(QTableWidget):
"""
A QTableWidget subclass with extended editing: copy/paste,
insert/delete rows & columns, clear cells, find/replace, undo.
"""
def __init__(self, rows, cols, parent=None):
super().__init__(rows, cols, parent)
try:
# Context menu
self.setContextMenuPolicy(Qt.CustomContextMenu)
self.customContextMenuRequested.connect(self.open_context_menu)
# Search/Replace state
self.search_results = []
self.current_idx = -1
self.last_search = ""
self.case_sensitive = False
# Undo stack: list of tuples (row, col, old_text)
self.undo_stack = []
except Exception:
logger.exception("Failed to initialize TableWidget")
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Keyboard Shortcuts Handling
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def keyPressEvent(self, e):
try:
if e.modifiers() & Qt.ControlModifier:
if e.key() == Qt.Key_C:
self.copy_selection()
return
elif e.key() == Qt.Key_V:
self.paste_selection()
return
elif e.key() == Qt.Key_F:
self.open_search_dialog()
return
elif e.key() == Qt.Key_Z:
self.undo_replace()
return
super().keyPressEvent(e)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in keyPressEvent")
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copy Selected Cells as Tab-Delimited Text
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def copy_selection(self):
try:
sel = self.selectedIndexes()
if not sel:
self._status("复制失败：没有选中单元格", 2000)
return
rows = sorted({i.row() for i in sel})
cols = sorted({i.column() for i in sel})
# Ensure contiguous rectangle
if len(rows) * len(cols) != len(sel):
self._status("复制失败：请选择矩形区域", 2000)
return
# Build text
text_rows = []
for r in rows:
row_items = []
for c in cols:
it = self.item(r, c)
row_items.append(it.text() if it else "")
text_rows.append("t".join(row_items))
QApplication.clipboard().setText("n".join(text_rows))
self._status("已复制", 1000)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in copy_selection")
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Paste Clipboard Text into Table
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def paste_selection(self):
try:
sel = self.selectedIndexes()
if not sel:
self._status("粘贴失败：没有选中单元格", 2000)
return
start_r = sel[0].row()
start_c = sel[0].column()
data = QApplication.clipboard().text().split("n")
for i, row in enumerate(data):
cols = row.split("t")
for j, val in enumerate(cols):
if not val:
continue
r = start_r + i
c = start_c + j
# Expand table if needed
if r >= self.rowCount():
self.setRowCount(r + 1)
if c >= self.columnCount():
self.setColumnCount(c + 1)
self.setItem(r, c, QTableWidgetItem(val))
self._status("已粘贴", 1000)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in paste_selection")
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Insert and Delete Rows / Columns
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def insert_row(self):
try:
sel = self.selectedIndexes()
if sel:
self.insertRow(sel[0].row())
self._status("插入行", 1000)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in insert_row")
def insert_column(self):
try:
sel = self.selectedIndexes()
if sel:
self.insertColumn(sel[0].column())
self._status("插入列", 1000)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in insert_column")
def delete_row(self):
try:
rows = sorted({i.row() for i in self.selectedIndexes()}, reverse=True)
for r in rows:
self.removeRow(r)
self._status("删除行", 1000)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in delete_row")
def delete_column(self):
try:
cols = sorted({i.column() for i in self.selectedIndexes()}, reverse=True)
for c in cols:
self.removeColumn(c)
self._status("删除列", 1000)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in delete_column")
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Clear Selected Cells
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def clear_cells(self):
try:
for idx in self.selectedIndexes():
self.setItem(idx.row(), idx.column(), QTableWidgetItem(""))
self._status("已清除选中单元格内容", 1000)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in clear_cells")
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Open Context Menu
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def open_context_menu(self, pos: QPoint):
try:
menu = QMenu(self)
menu.addAction(self._action("复制", self.copy_selection, "Ctrl+C"))
menu.addAction(self._action("粘贴", self.paste_selection, "Ctrl+V"))
menu.addAction(self._action("查找/替换", self.open_search_dialog, "Ctrl+F"))
menu.addSeparator()
menu.addAction(self._action("插入行", self.insert_row))
menu.addAction(self._action("插入列", self.insert_column))
menu.addAction(self._action("删除行", self.delete_row))
menu.addAction(self._action("删除列", self.delete_column))
menu.addSeparator()
menu.addAction(self._action("清除内容", self.clear_cells))
menu.addAction(self._action("撤销替换", self.undo_replace, "Ctrl+Z"))
menu.exec_(self.viewport().mapToGlobal(pos))
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in open_context_menu")
def _action(self, text, slot, shortcut=None):
act = QAction(text, self)
if shortcut:
act.setShortcut(shortcut)
act.triggered.connect(slot)
return act
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Search & Replace Methods
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def open_search_dialog(self):
try:
# If already open, just raise
if hasattr(self, 'sr_dialog') and self.sr_dialog.isVisible():
self.sr_dialog.raise_()
return
self.sr_dialog = SearchReplaceDialog(self)
self.sr_dialog.find_btn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.find_all(self.sr_dialog))
self.sr_dialog.replace_btn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.replace_current(self.sr_dialog))
self.sr_dialog.replace_all_btn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.replace_all(self.sr_dialog))
self.sr_dialog.show()
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in open_search_dialog")
def find_all(self, dlg):
try:
self.clear_highlights()
txt = dlg.search_input.text()
if not txt:
return
self.case_sensitive = dlg.case_checkbox.isChecked()
self.search_results.clear()
for r in range(self.rowCount()):
for c in range(self.columnCount()):
it = self.item(r, c)
if it:
cell = it.text()
if (txt in cell if self.case_sensitive else txt.lower() in cell.lower()):
self.search_results.append((r, c))
it.setBackground(Qt.yellow)
if self.search_results:
# scroll to first
first_r, first_c = self.search_results[0]
self.setCurrentCell(first_r, first_c)
self.scrollToItem(self.item(first_r, first_c))
self._status(f"找到 {len(self.search_results)} 处匹配", 2000)
else:
QMessageBox.information(self, "查找", "未找到匹配项")
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in find_all")
def replace_current(self, dlg):
try:
if not self.search_results:
return
r, c = self.search_results[0]
it = self.item(r, c)
if it:
old = it.text()
new = dlg.replace_input.text()
self.undo_stack.append((r, c, old))
it.setText(new)
self.find_all(dlg)
self._status("替换当前完成", 1500)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in replace_current")
def replace_all(self, dlg):
try:
if not self.search_results:
return
replacement = dlg.replace_input.text()
count = 0
for r, c in self.search_results:
it = self.item(r, c)
if it:
old = it.text()
self.undo_stack.append((r, c, old))
it.setText(replacement)
count += 1
self.find_all(dlg)
QMessageBox.information(self, "全部替换", f"共替换 {count} 处匹配")
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in replace_all")
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Undo Last Replace
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def undo_replace(self):
try:
if not self.undo_stack:
self._status("无可撤销操作", 2000)
return
r, c, old = self.undo_stack.pop()
self.setItem(r, c, QTableWidgetItem(old))
self._status("已撤销替换", 1000)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in undo_replace")
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Clear Highlights
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def clear_highlights(self):
try:
for r in range(self.rowCount()):
for c in range(self.columnCount()):
it = self.item(r, c)
if it:
it.setBackground(Qt.white)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in clear_highlights")
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Helper: Show status message
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _status(self, message, timeout=1000):
try:
mw = self.window()
if isinstance(mw, QMainWindow):
mw.statusBar().showMessage(message, timeout)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error in _status")
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main Application Window
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
"""
Main window containing the TableWidget and status bar.
"""
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
try:
self.setWindowTitle("高级表格编辑器")
self.resize(900, 600)
# Status Bar
self.setStatusBar(QStatusBar(self))
# Central Widget
central = QWidget(self)
layout = QVBoxLayout(central)
self.table = TableWidget(100, 10, self)
layout.addWidget(self.table)
self.setCentralWidget(central)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Failed to initialize MainWindow")
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Application Entry Point
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
main_win = MainWindow()
main_win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
except Exception:
logger.exception("Unhandled exception in main")
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